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Hükümet anti demokratik anayasal madde 49.3’ü devreye soktu.

3 mars 2020 Fransa'da Yaşam

Nihat Polat

5 aralıktan bu yana Macron’un emeklilik yasa tasarısına karşı mücadele ediyor. Gün geçtikçe buna karşı tepkiler de artıyor ve hükümet bir an önce tasarıyı onaylatıp başka bir şeye geçmek istiyor. 24 Ocak Cuma günü Emeklilik yasa tasarısı Bakanlar kurulunda beklendiği gibi onaylandı ve 17 şubattan ise Meclis gündemine gelmişti. Fakat hükümet, işçi ve emekçilerin 75 yıl önce büyük mücadelelerle kazandığı emeklilik hakkını yok etme tasarısının Meclis’te birkaç hafta daha tartışılmasına bile tahammül edemedi ve Meclis’ baypas etme kararı verdi.  

Meclis tartışmaları engellendi

Önce 3 Şubat Pazartesi günü yasa tasarısını inceleyecek bir “özel komisyonun” kuruldu. 75 milletvekilinden oluşan bu komisyonun amacı önceden diğer grupların önerdiği değişiklik önerilerini inceleyerek Meclis sürecini hızlandırmaktı. Ağırlığını macroncu milletvekillerinden oluşan komisyon birçok anti demokratik işleyişe rağmen misyonunu yerine getiremedi ve ilerici siyasi partilerin önerdiği 20 bin civarında değişiklik önerisini bitiremeden çalışmalarına son verdi. Ve 17 Şubat Pazartesi günü yasa tasarısı Meclis’in gündemine geldi. İki haftalık bir tartışma sürecinden sonra hükümet Anayasa’nın 49.3’ün maddesini devreye soktu ve Meclis’teki tüm tartışmaları durdurdu. Toplumun ezici çoğunluğu bu yasaya başından beri karşı ve tüm kamuoyu yoklamalarında karşı olanların oranı hiçbir zaman yüzde 60’ın altına düşmedi. Hükümet bunları görmemezlikten, duymamazlıktan geldi. Sendikaların çoğunluğu bu tasarıya karşı, hükümet bunları da ciddiye almadı ve şimdi de Meclis’te mutlak çoğunluğu elinde bulundurmasına rağmen milletvekillerini de susturmaya karar verdi. İşte Macron’un demokrasi anlayışı bu.

Başbakan Edouard Philippe kimi milletvekillerinin yasa tasarısının Mecliste normal ilerlemesini engellediğini belirtiyor ve buradan hareket ederek de Meclis’i baypas etmenin, yani Milletvekillerinin susturulmasının hakkı olduğunu savunmaya çalışıyor. Fakat sol ve ilerici partilerin milletvekillerinin 70 yıllık temel bir hakkın yok edilmesine karşı mücadele yürütmesi tamamen anlaşılır ve aslında olması gerekendir de. Kaldı ki bunların yasanın onaylanmasını engelleyebilmeleri de zaten mümkün değil. Peki nedir sorun o zaman. Macron için sorun, emeklilik yasa tasarısının gündemde kalması toplum içinde öfkeyi sürekli daha da arttırıyor ve Mart’ın 15’de belediye seçimleri var. Zaten kötü olan durumun daha da kötüleşmemesi için Meclis tartışmalarının bir an önce sonuçlandırılması, kamuoyunun dikkatinin başka yöne doğru çevrilmesi gerekiyor. Görüldüğü gibi tek gerekçesi bu, emeklilik yasa tasarısını bir an önce gündemden düşürmek.

Koronavirüs salgının tartışmak için bir araya gelen hükümet 49.3’ü devreye soktu

29 Şubat Cumartesi günü olağanüstü bir şekilde koronavirüs salgınına karşı mücadeleyi tartışmak için bir araya gelen bakanlar kurulu Anayasa’nın bu maddesi ile Meclis’i baypas etme kararı verdi. Kuşkusuz iki haftadır hükümete yakın kanallar bunun olabilirliğini sürekli gündemde tutuyorlardı, fakat koronavirüs salgınının yaygınlaşması, birkaç gün içinde virüsün bulaştığı kişi sayısının 100 ulaştığı, okulların kapandığı, hastanelerin büyük bir şekilde seferber edildiğinin belirtildiği ve birçok sportif ve kültürel etkinliğin ya da buluşmaların yasaklandığının ilan edilmesinin yarattığı tedirginlik ortamında hükümetin bu tercihi herhalde tesadüfü değildir. Zira bu maddeyi kullanan hükümetlerin tümü de bilir ki Meclis tartışmalarını engelleme toplumda büyük bir tepkiyle karşılanıyor. Örneğin bir önceki Hollande Cumhurbaşkanlığı döneminde bu maddeyi kullanan eski Başbakan Manuel Valls daha sonra Fransa’da siyaseti bırakmak zorunda kalmıştı. Belirtmek gerekir ki Valls’ın Meclis’i n baypas ederek onaylattığı 2015 Macron (o dönemde Ekonomi bakanıydı) ve 2016 El Khomri yasaları vesilesiyle sunulan gensoruları şu anki Başbakan Edouard Philippe karşı çıkmıştı. Hatta Macron’da Cumhurbaşkanlığı adayı olduğu dönemde bir hükümetin Kanun hükmünde kararnamelerle yönetmemesi gerektiğini savunuyordu, fakat bu emeklilik yasa tasarısı daha başında sonradan hükümetin sunacağı 29 KHK’dan bahsediyor. Dün karşı olduklarını bugün kendileri yapmaktan hiç geri durmuyorlar.

Anayasa’nın 49.3 maddesi neyi öngörüyor?

Anayasa’nın 49 maddesinin 3 paragrafı Başbakana Meclis tartışmalarını durdurma ve Meclis’te kendi sorumluluğunu angaje etme koşuluyla önerdiği yasa tasarısını tartışmaya sunmadan onaylatma olanağı sunuyor. Kendi sorumluluğunu angaje etmesi ise muhalif gruplara, 58 milletvekilin imzasıyla gensoru önergesi verme hakkını sağlıyor. İsteyen gruplar, gerekli imza koşulunu yerine getirebildiği oranda gensoru önergesini verir ve Meclis’te bu gensorular tartışılır ve oylanır. Edouard Philippe hükümeti Meclis’te mutlak çoğunluğu elinde bulundurduğundan gensoru onaylanmadı ve böylelikle birkaç saat içinde emeklilik yasa tasarısını onaylanmış olundu. Fakat bunu kimse kabul edemez.

Sendikalar mücadeleyi yükseltme çağrısı yaptılar

49.3’ün devreye sokulmasından sonra sendikalar emeklilik yasa tasarısına karşı mücadeleyi yükseltme çağrısında bulundular. Puan usulü emeklilik sistemini savunan CFDT, CFTC ve UNSA sendikalarının genel sekreterleri bile bu anti demokratik yöntemin devreye sokulmasının topluma gönderilen iyi bir sinyal olmadığın açıklamak zorunda kaldılar. CGT, FO, Solidaires ve FSU sendikaları ise hükümetin gerici bir tasarıyı bir an önce onaylatmak için her şeye hazır olduğunu açıklayarak mücadeleyi yükseltme çağrısında bulundular.

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