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Fransa'da Yaşam

La Vie en France (aylık fransızca ve türkçe gazete)

17 Eylül’de emekçiler tekrar sokaklarda

11 septembre 2020 Fransa'da Yaşam

Şevki İMREK

Aralık 2019’dan bu günü dünyayı sarsan Koronavirüs, tüm dünyadaki insanların hayatlarında çok büyük değişimlere neden oldu.  İlk başta sağlık alanında, çalışma yaşamından, ekonomiye, sosyal yaşamdan, eğitime kadar etkisi altına aldı. Dünya genelinde yaygın bir pandemi oluşturan Covid19 salgını, 25 milyondan fazla insana bulaştı ve 850 bin insanın ölmesine neden oldu. Virüse karşı aşının bulunması için ülkeler kesenin ağzını açsada, hala virüsün etkisini yok edecek bir aşı bulunamadı. Bu yüzden Covid19 ciddi anlamda insan hayatını tehtid etmeye devam ediyor.

Bu sağlık krizi, insanların ve doğanın sömürülmesine dayanan kapitalist gelişme tarzının tahribatlarını bir daha gözler önüne sermdi. Sosyal ve sağlık alanındaki eşitsizlikler her zamankinden daha da belirginleşti. Ve pandeminin sonuçlarının en büyük yükünü yine en yoksul kesimler çekiyor. İngiliz yardım kuruluşu Oxfam’ın verilerine göre, krizle birlikte yaklaşık 500 milyon insanın daha yoksulluşacağı öngörülüyor.

Fransa’da salgının boy göstermesinden bu güne 300 bine yakın insana bulaşan virüs, 30 binden fazla insanın ölmesine neden oldu. Ve binlerce insan hala hastanelerde tedavi görmekte. On binlerce insanın ölmesinin yanı sıra, Mart ayında hükümetin 2 ay sokağa çıkamama kararıyla birlikte, sosyal yaşamda ve ekonomik alandaki durgunluk ve daralmayla birlikte ve mücadelede de durağan bir süreç yaşandı.

Pandemi öncesi emekçiker sokaklardaydı

Zira pandemi öncesi Macron hükümetinin dayattığı emeklilik reform paketi, sağlık emekçilerinin grevleri ve bir yılı aşan sarı yelekliler hareketi, işçi ve emekçi halkla , hükümet arasında mücadelenin yükseldiği bir süreç olarak yaşanmıştı.

Geçmiş süreci biraz hatırlayıp özetlersek; 2017 yılında mali sermayenin Cumhurbaşkanı olarak seçilen Macron, görevi devraldıktan sonra attığı ilk adımlardan biri insanların çalışma sürelerini uzatan, esnek çalışmayı ve işten atmaları kolaylaştıran  İş Yasası’nı (Code du Travail) geçirmek olmuştu.

Kasım 2018 yılında çıkan ve sadece Fransa değil aynı zamanda dünya gündemini sarsan Sarı Yelekliler hareketi ile Macron ve halk arasında uzun süren bir mücadele süreci başlamıştı. Hükümet bir kaç noktada geri adım atsada, taleplerin geneli açısından ayak diremiş ve gelişen hareketi, bölme – itibarsızlaştırma ve polis şiddeti ile bastırmaya çalışmıştı.

Sarı yeleklilerin eylemlerinin ardından işçi ve emekçi sendikaları, 5 Aralık 2019 itibarıyla Macron yönetiminin hazırladığı emeklilik reformuna tepki göstermek amacıyla ülke genelinde süresiz grev başlattı. Fransa tarihinin 1995’ten bu yana en büyük grev ve protestolarına, tanıklık etti.  Söz konusu yapılmak istenen reform, emeklilikte memur ve işçi ayrımını ve ayrıcalıkları kaldırmayı, emeklilik yaşını kademeli olarak 62’den 64’e çıkarmayı öngörüyordu. Kısacası emeklilik sistemini alt-üst etmeye dönük bir reform niteliğindeydi.

Greve gidenler arasında, işçi sınıfının en örgütlü ve mücadeleci alanı olan, Fransız Ulusal Demir Yolları – SNCF başta olmak üzere,  Paris ve çevresinde toplu taşımayı düzenleyen – RATP, Fransız hava yolu şirketi – Air France, polisler, doktorlar, hemşireler, sağlık emekçileri ve acil servis çalışanları, öğrenciler, öğretmenler, memurlar, avukatlar, tarım işçileri, postane çalışanları, taksi ve nakliye şoförleri, elektrik üretim ve dağıtım şirketi – EDF, otomotiv üreticisi Renault ve rafineri çalışanları bulunuyordu.

İlerici sendikalar,  hükümetin bu saldırıları karşısında geri adım atmaktan ziyade mücadeleci ve kararlı bir tutum sergilemiş, ve halkın %70’e varan kesiminin karşı olduğu bu yasaya karşı hükümet, antidemokratik olan 49.3 anayasal maddeyi devreye sokmuştu.

Pamdemi mücadeleyi durdurdu

Hükümet ve sendikalar arasındaki bu görüşmeler devam ederken, dünya genelini sarsan ve Fransayıda etkisi altına alacak Covid19 salgını baş gösterdi. Salgının ülke çapına yayılması, beraberinde toplu gösterilerin yasaklanması, ardından geçici sokağa çıkma yasağının uygulanmasıyla, sosyal yaşam ile birlikte mücadelede de bir durgunluk süreci yaşandı.

Bu süreç ekonomik anlamda olmasa bile, mücadelenin inatla ve kararlılıkla sürdürüldüğü bu dönemde hükümetin işine yaradı. Fakat bu seferde geçmiş hükümetlerin ve mevcut hükümetin onyıllardır uyguladıkları neoliberal politikaların sonucu sağlık sistemini çöktüğünü apaçık gördük.

Sağlık krizi, kamu hizmetlerinin ve kamu hizmetinin, özellikle herkesin sosyal haklara ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişimini garanti altına almak için ne kadar gerekli olduğunu göstermiştir.

Macron, virüsle mücadele adına her seferinde ulusal birlik çağrısı yapmış. “Bu bir savaştır, bu sağlık krizine karşı birlikte savaşmaktan başka çaremiz yok” cümlesinin altını bir çok kez çizmiştir. Bu ulusal birlik çağrısındaki amaçlarından biri, yıllarca süren kemer sıkma politikalarının sağlık sistemi üzerindeki sonuçlarını gizleme ve eş zamanlı olarak nüfusun dikkatini bu krizin yönetimindeki, iktidarın başarısızlıklarından uzaklaştırma arzusudur.

17 Eylül’de emekçiler sokağa tekrar inecekler

İlerisi açısından bakıldığında, İşçi ve emekçi halkarı zor günler beklemekte. İşten atmaların ve esnek çalışmanın dahada yoğunlaşacağı bir döneme doğru gitmekteyiz. Daralan ekonominin yükünü, işçi ve emekçilerin sırtına yüklüyecekler. Dolayısıyla, sarı yeleklilerle başlayan halk hareketinin ısrarı, sağlık emekçilerinin birlik ve beraberlikleri, işçi, emekçi ve gençlik sendiklarının emeklilik yasası karşısındaki tutarlı duruşları, 17 Eylüldeki genel grev ve yürüyüşlere yansıyacaktır.

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