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Fransa'da Yaşam

La Vie en France (aylık fransızca ve türkçe gazete)

11 Mayıs’ta okulların açılma sorunu

Foto © MaxPPP - S. Botella

◼ Deniz Uztopal

Macron ve hükümeti okulları 11 Mayıs’ta aşamalı bir şekilde açmaya karar verdi. Peki bu nasıl olacak? Salgından yeterince korunma olanağı yokken, hastanelerde hala binlerce insan yoğun bakımdayken 12 buçuk milyon öğrenci, 800 bin öğretmeni okullara göndermek ikinci bir salgın dalgasına yol açmaz mı? Çocuklara bulaşan virüs evde anne-babalara bulaşınca yoğun bakımda bulunan insan sayısı birden artmaz mı? 

Okullar neden 11 Mayıs’ta açılacak? 

Macron evden çıkmama yasağının doğurduğu öğrenciler arasındaki eşitsizliğe karşı okulları açma kararı verdiğini belirtti. Yani ona göre okulların açılmasının nedeni evde çalışma olanağı çok sınırlı olan öğrencilerin durumuna karşı gerekiyormuş. İçinden geçtiğimiz durumun bir eşitsizlik doğurduğu açık, fakat bunun bir bahane olduğunu belirtmemiz lazım. Okulların açılmasının esas ve belirleyici nedeni ekonomiktir. Kuşkusuz ülke ekonomisi kötüye gidiyor ve milli gelir rekor oranında geriledi, fakat üretimin tekrar başlatılması için Fransız büyük sermaye örgütü MEDEF haftalardır hükümete baskı yapıyor. Küçük ve orta boylu işyerleri de ciddi ekonomik sıkıntılar yaşamaya başlayınca, bunların milyonlarca işçisi de işyerlerinin kapanması ve işsiz kalma tedirginliğiyle böylesi bir karara olumlu bakınca hükümet okulları açma kararı verdi. Zira çocuklar evde kalmaya devam ettikçe anne ve babaların çalışması da imkansızdı. Ama belirtmek gerekir ki hükümetin kararı çelişkili, zira bir yandan okulların açılmasıyla yüzlerce öğrenci yana gelerek virüsün yaygınlaşması kaçınılmaz olacak, diğer yandan kafeterya, bar, restoranların açılması yasak olmaya devam edecek. 

Okulların aşamalı açılması ne anlama geliyor? 

Bu soruya bugün cevap verebilecek kimse yok. Eğitim bakanı Jean-Michel Blanquer’e yönlendirilen sorulara verdiği cevaplara bakılırsa bunun nasıl olacağına daha hükümette karar vermemiş. Fakat şu ana kadar bilinen tüm sınıfların ve okulların aynı anda açılmayacağıdır. Bakanlık ilk önce ana ve ilk okulları açmak istiyor. Ardından ama daha belirlenmeyen bir tarihte orta okul ve en son ise liseler açılacak. Üniversitelerin açılmayacağına daha önce Macron belirtmişti. Bu açılacak okullar içinde tüm sınıfların birden okula başlamayacakları da belirtiliyor ama nasıl olacağı şimdilik bilinmiyor. Covid-19’dan korunmak için asgari önlem alınabilmesi için bakanlık çalışmalarını yürüttüğünü ve nisan sonuna doğru bunları açıklayacağını bildirdi. Bunu elbette izlemeye devam edeceğiz. 

Okulların açılmasıyla birlikte çocuklar tehlikeye atılmış olmuyor mu? 

Elbette herkesin aklına gelen temel sorulardan birisi budur. Bu soruya kesin ve nihai bir cevap verebilmek zor, ama şu ana kadar elimizde olan verilerle şöyle bir cevap verebiliriz.  18 Nisan akşamı Fransa’da 19300 kişi hayatını kaybetmişti, bunların sadece 15’i 18’yaşın altındaydı. Ve hayatını kaybeden gençlerin tümünde başka bir sağlık sorunu vardı ve COVID-19 virüsünün yol açtığı hassaslık diğer sağlık sorunlarının ağırlaşmasına yol açtığı belirtiliyor. Yani doktorlar bu gençlerin vefat nedeni olarak COVİD-19’u göstermiyorlar. Anlaşılan koronavirüs salgını çocuk ve gençleri büyük oranda tehdit etmiyor, fakat bunlar akşam eve geldiklerinde anne ve babalarına, bunlarda işyerlerinde diğerlerine bulaştıracaklardır. Yani okulların açılmasıyla ikinci bir salgın dalgasının yaşanması kaçınılmaz. Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken temel sorun anne ve babaların risk grubunda olup olmadıkların tespit edilmesidir. Örneğin hayatını kaybeden hastalar içinde obez olanların, diyabeti olanların, kronik bronşit olanların ya da kalp sorunları olanların yüksek olduğu biliniyor. 

Bu durumda olan aileler için büyük olasılıkla okullara gönderme zorunluluğu olmayacaktır ama aile doktorlarından bir belge istene bilinir (Attestation de non-comorbidité). Her koşulda bir kaygınız varsa aile doktorunuzla görüşmek hiç kuşkusuz faydalı olacaktır. 

Diğer yandan COVID-19’da karşı bir aşı bulunmadığı sürece çocukların 60 yaşı üstünde olan kişilere, yani dede ve nenelerine yaklaşmamaları, önem taşıyor. 

Çocukları korumak için ne gibi önlemler alına bilinir?  

Ayın 11’den itibaren belediyeler aracılığıyla yaygın bir şekilde maskelerin dağıtılacağı belirtiliyor. Fakat bu maskelerin ana ve ilk okulda olan çocukları korumayacağı açık. Orta okul ve liselerde de sınırlı etkisi olacağı da açık. Ellerin sık sık sabunla yıkanması önemli ama okullarda genelde çok sınırlı sayıda tuvalet bulunuyor ve buralarda sabun da genelde bulunmuyor. Diğer yandan sınıflarda, kantinden hatta otobüslerde çocuklar kalabalık bir şekilde bir araya geleceklerdir. İşte bunların tümü bir tehdit. Yani açıkça belirtmek gerekirse, çocukların virüsten korunmaları çok zor gibi görünüyor, önemli olan başka bir sağlık sorunu olanların okula başlayan çocuklardan uzak durmalarıdır. Belirtmek gerekir ki 800 bin öğretmen de bu çocuklarla birlikte iş başı yapacak. Bunların yarısı 50 yaşın üstünde ve bu koşullarda çalışmak zorunda olmaları hayatlarını tehlikeye atabilir. Durum buyken okulları açma bizce sorumsuzca bir karar ve umarız ki bu yüzlerce insanın hayatına mal olmaz. Bakanlığın alacağı korunma yöntemlerini dikkatlice izlemek gerekiyor. 

Çocuklar gerçekten ders mi çalışacak? 

Muhakkak ders çalışılacaktır, fakat bunun kriz öncesi gibi olması mümkün değil. Zira sağlık sorunları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda tüm sınıfların aynı anda okula başlamamaları, sınıflarda en fazla 10-12 çocuğun bulunması, büyük kümelenmelerin yaşanmaması için teneffüslerin aynı anda olmaması, kantinlerde mesafeleri korunmasına yönelik bir organizasyona gidilmesi önemli. Böylesi koşullarda da ders çalışılır elbette fakat müfredatın tamamlanması, üçündü dönem için notları için yazılıların yapılma ikincil plana atılmalıdır. İki aylık eve kapanmadan sonra çocukların sosyal ilişkilere, arkadaşları ve öğretmenleriyle buluşmaya ihtiyaçları var. Her şeyden önce ruh sağlıkları için bu gereklidir fakat bu COVID-19 salgınına karşı mücadele aleyhine olmamalıdır. Farklı bir şekilde çalışma yöntemi geliştirilmelidir ama bunun için bakanlığın bu konuda çok net bir tavır belirtmesi gerekir. 

Sınavları olan öğrencilerin durumu nasıl olacak? 

Bu yıl BAC ve Brevet sınavlarının olmayacağı daha önceden açıklanmıştı. Lise ve orta okul son yılda olan öğrencilerin diplomaları için üç dönem karne notlarının ortalaması dikkate alınacak. Fakat bunların 4 Temmuz’a kadar okul devamlılığı belirleyici olacak. Yani Terminal ve 3e’de olan öğrencilerin okula sürekli gitmeleri, derslerine istendiği gibi çalışmaları diplomalarını alabilmede belirleyici olacak. 

 1re’de olan öğrencilerin haziran sonunda Fransızca sözlü sınavları yapılacak. Bunun nasıl olacağı daha net olarak bilinmiyor fakat öğrencilerin bu sınav için çalışması gereken metin sayısının azaltıldığı daha önceden açıklanmıştı. 

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